Did you happen to update to the latest snapshot by any chance? I have the same issue if I try to use snapshot (wrt3200acm) with duckdns.
The wrt3200acm has dual boot with one partition on snapshot and the other one on the 19.07.5 and the same config with ddns (I tried different configs as well). If I boot on snapshot it does not work and if I boot in 19.07.5 it works as soon as the router boots up.
Not really helpful for troubleshooting but I thought I'd add it here just in case.
It seems to be related to curl (thanks for the tip). I did not install it and the script worked at the first try.
There are a couple of curl issues related to ddns on github but the last one has been closed. I guess not many people use ddns or were just lucky to not use curl (since it is not part of the base image).
The problem (in my opinion) is not only curl, the ddns service has an option to bypass curl and use wget... but doesn't work. If you have curl installed in your system, ddns always will use it (despite of having the option disabled or not).