Yes, there are 1000BASE-T ethernet cards for PCI, by they don't reach full capacity of 1 GBit/s linespeed (not by far), still better than 100BASE-T, but not worth it when looking for 1 GBit/s support.
The PCI bus is shared among all connected PCI devices (in some cases, admittedly older ones, the southbridge itself is connected via PCI; more modern boards only have a PCIe to PCI bridge chip, which imposes its own throughput limits). In practice there is a significant impact of using PCI connected 1 GBit/s ethernet cards (yes, even for good chipsets).