Hello everyone
I downloaded the firmware for the Sam9x25 from https://downloads.openwrt.org/releases/25.12.0/targets/at91/sam9x/
I used Samba to load the at91bootstrap.bin file into the SOC, then I used TFTTP to load the itb and ubi files into the NAND flash. After booting, only the log below appears and then stops.
Can anyone help me with this problem? Thank you very much. (I replaced the default DM9161AEP Ethernet IC with a KSZ8081 IC. I was able to ping the server successfully and flash the firmware via TPTP without any problems.)
NAND read: device 0 offset 0x200000, size 0x600000
6291456 bytes read: OK
## Loading kernel from FIT Image at 22000000 ...
Using 'config-1' configuration
Trying 'kernel-1' kernel subimage
Description: ARM OpenWrt Linux-6.12.71
Type: Kernel Image
Compression: gzip compressed
Data Start: 0x220000e4
Data Size: 3373079 Bytes = 3.2 MiB
Architecture: ARM
OS: Linux
Load Address: 0x20008000
Entry Point: 0x20008000
Hash algo: crc32
Hash value: 98d96749
Hash algo: sha1
Hash value: 7976353d7b38e10fb138f6ed69d38978cae35b97
Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ sha1+ OK
## Loading fdt from FIT Image at 22000000 ...
Using 'config-1' configuration
Trying 'fdt-1' fdt subimage
Description: ARM OpenWrt atmel_at91sam9x25ek device tree blob
Type: Flat Device Tree
Compression: uncompressed
Data Start: 0x22337a3c
Data Size: 21848 Bytes = 21.3 KiB
Architecture: ARM
Hash algo: crc32
Hash value: ac382451
Hash algo: sha1
Hash value: 24155dfe813fa68cab4a9ee2d9dfffb73506a4d2
Verifying Hash Integrity ... crc32+ sha1+ OK
Booting using the fdt blob at 0x22337a3c
Uncompressing Kernel Image
Loading Device Tree to 27ecb000, end 27ed3557 ... OK
Starting kernel ...
[ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
[ 0.000000] Linux version 6.12.71 (builder@buildhost) (arm-openwrt-linux-muslgnueabi-gcc (OpenWrt GCC 14.3.0 r32713-f919e7899d) 14.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.44) #0 Tue Mar 3 00:14:15 2026
[ 0.000000] CPU: ARM926EJ-S [41069265] revision 5 (ARMv5TEJ), cr=0005317f
[ 0.000000] CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
[ 0.000000] OF: fdt: Machine model: Atmel AT91SAM9X25-EK
[ 0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writeback
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] Normal [mem 0x0000000020000000-0x0000000027ffffff]
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000020000000-0x0000000027ffffff]
[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000020000000-0x0000000027ffffff]
[ 0.000000] OF: reserved mem: Reserved memory: No reserved-memory node in the DT
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200 earlyprintk mtdparts=atmel_nand:256k(bootstrap)ro,768k(uboot)ro,256k(env_redundant),256k(env),512k(dtb),6M(kernel)ro,-(rootfs) rootfstype=ubifs ubi.mtd=6 root=ubi0:rootfs rw
[ 0.000000] Unknown kernel command line parameters "earlyprintk", will be passed to user space.
[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 32768
[ 0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[ 0.000000] RCU Tasks Trace: Setting shift to 0 and lim to 1 rcu_task_cb_adjust=1 rcu_task_cpu_ids=1.
[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 16, nr_irqs: 16, preallocated irqs: 16
[ 0.000000] clocksource: pit: mask: 0x7ffffff max_cycles: 0x7ffffff, max_idle_ns: 7167226906 ns
[ 0.000000] clocksource: timer@f8008000: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 114675631333 ns
[ 0.000006] sched_clock: 32 bits at 17MHz, resolution 60ns, wraps every 128849023969ns
[ 0.000062] Switching to timer-based delay loop, resolution 60ns
[ 0.000912] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 33.38 BogoMIPS (lpj=130208)
[ 0.000973] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
[ 0.001157] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[ 0.022554] Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.022630] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.044269] Setting up static identity map for 0x20100000 - 0x2010007c
[ 0.045318] Memory: 117164K/131072K available (7989K kernel code, 577K rwdata, 1176K rodata, 1024K init, 235K bss, 13492K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
[ 0.066674] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 14931722236523437 ns
[ 0.066750] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 3072 bytes, linear)
[ 0.084286] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
[ 0.092073] NET: Registered PF_NETLINK/PF_ROUTE protocol family
[ 0.094075] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
[ 0.135225] AT91: PM: standby: standby, suspend: ulp0
[ 0.136324] gpio gpiochip0: Static allocation of GPIO base is deprecated, use dynamic allocation.
[ 0.137318] gpio-at91 fffff400.gpio: at address (ptrval)
[ 0.138013] gpio gpiochip1: Static allocation of GPIO base is deprecated, use dynamic allocation.
[ 0.139245] gpio-at91 fffff600.gpio: at address (ptrval)
[ 0.140234] gpio gpiochip2: Static allocation of GPIO base is deprecated, use dynamic allocation.
[ 0.141625] gpio-at91 fffff800.gpio: at address (ptrval)
[ 0.142433] gpio gpiochip3: Static allocation of GPIO base is deprecated, use dynamic allocation.
[ 0.143555] gpio-at91 fffffa00.gpio: at address (ptrval)
[ 0.146652] pinctrl-at91 ahb:apb:pinctrl@fffff400: initialized AT91 pinctrl driver
[ 0.197300] at_hdmac ffffec00.dma-controller: Atmel AHB DMA Controller ( cpy set slave ), 8 channels
[ 0.200846] at_hdmac ffffee00.dma-controller: Atmel AHB DMA Controller ( cpy set slave ), 8 channels
[ 0.205377] AT91: Detected SoC family: at91sam9x5
[ 0.205405] AT91: Detected SoC: at91sam9x25, revision 1
[ 0.207440] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[ 0.207659] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[ 0.207847] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[ 0.209973] at91_i2c f8010000.i2c: using dma0chan0 (tx) and dma0chan1 (rx) for DMA transfers
[ 0.211220] at91_i2c f8010000.i2c: AT91 i2c bus driver (hw version: 0x402).
[ 0.212463] pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
[ 0.212495] pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <giometti@linux.it>
[ 0.212600] PTP clock support registered
[ 0.219594] clocksource: Switched to clocksource timer@f8008000
[ 0.246071] NET: Registered PF_INET protocol family
[ 0.246679] IP idents hash table entries: 2048 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 0.250588] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.250692] Table-perturb hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear)
[ 0.253071] TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.253176] TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
[ 0.253268] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
[ 0.254775] MPTCP token hash table entries: 512 (order: 1, 6144 bytes, linear)
[ 0.255438] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.255537] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.257695] NET: Registered PF_UNIX/PF_LOCAL protocol family
[ 0.267964] workingset: timestamp_bits=14 max_order=15 bucket_order=1
[ 0.295531] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
[ 0.295575] jffs2: version 2.2 (NAND) (SUMMARY) (LZMA) (RTIME) (CMODE_PRIORITY) (c) 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
[ 0.300358] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 248)
[ 0.317414] ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs
[ 0.321442] ssc f0010000.ssc: Atmel SSC device at 0x(ptrval) (irq 23)
[ 0.324831] atmel_usart_serial.0.auto: ttyS0 at MMIO 0xfffff200 (irq = 16, base_baud = 8333333) is a ATMEL_SERIAL
[ 0.324950] printk: legacy console [ttyS0] enabled
[ 0.891364] atmel_usart_serial.1.auto: ttyS1 at MMIO 0xf801c000 (irq = 24, base_baud = 8333333) is a ATMEL_SERIAL
[ 0.972525] macb f802c000.ethernet eth0: Cadence MACB rev 0x0001010c at 0xf802c000 irq 25 (7a:16:00:93:6a:ae)
[ 0.984593] macb f8030000.ethernet: invalid hw address, using random
[ 1.010052] macb f8030000.ethernet eth1: Cadence MACB rev 0x0001010c at 0xf8030000 irq 26 (06:69:8a:ce:2d:b6)
[ 128.204060] random: crng init done