Hi all, I'm trying to revive my old NSA325 v2 installing the last compatible release of OpenWRT (using the official guide: https://openwrt.org/toh/zyxel/nsa325) - openwrt-24.10.4-kirkwood-generic-zyxel_nsa325-squashfs-factory.bin - starting from stock firmware.
It' the first time I do something like that so I'm not so good flashing rounter/nas 
I'm using the USB pendrive solution (I'm lucky because it works great!! 
), and the ttl usb converter for the putty connection.
I'm done on installing uboot !
(the guide suggest this: Attention: the u-boot.kwb from 19.x.x release is bugged and won't allow access to any mass storage. Use the latest u-boot.kwb from the 18.x.x release instead: u-boot-nsa325 )
Here the output (with the current envs setted from the offical OpenWRT guide):
U-Boot 2018.03 (Jun 27 2018 - 06:41:13 +0000)
ZyXEL NSA325 2-Bay Power Media Server
SoC: Kirkwood 88F6282_A1
DRAM: 512 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
NAND: 128 MiB
MMC:
Loading Environment from NAND... OK
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: egiga0
MV88E1318 PHY initialized on egiga0
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
NSA325> printenv
baudrate=115200
bootcmd=run setenv bootargs; ubi part ubi; ubi read 0x800000 kernel; bootm 0x800000
bootdelay=3
console=console=ttyS0,115200
ethact=egiga0
ethaddr=AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA
mtdids=nand0=orion_nand
mtdparts=mtdparts=orion_nand:0x00c0000(uboot),0x80000(uboot_env),0x7ec0000(ubi)
stderr=serial
stdin=serial
stdout=serial
Environment size: 349/131068 bytes
But loading the OpenWRT image I had this output:
U-Boot 2018.03 (Jun 27 2018 - 06:41:13 +0000)
ZyXEL NSA325 2-Bay Power Media Server
SoC: Kirkwood 88F6282_A1
DRAM: 512 MiB
WARNING: Caches not enabled
NAND: 128 MiB
MMC:
Loading Environment from NAND... OK
In: serial
Out: serial
Err: serial
Net: egiga0
MV88E1318 PHY initialized on egiga0
Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
## Error: "setenv" not defined
ubi0: attaching mtd1
ubi0: scanning is finished
ubi0: volume 2 ("rootfs_data") re-sized from 9 to 942 LEBs
ubi0: attached mtd1 (name "mtd=2", size 126 MiB)
ubi0: PEB size: 131072 bytes (128 KiB), LEB size: 129024 bytes
ubi0: min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048/2048, sub-page size 512
ubi0: VID header offset: 512 (aligned 512), data offset: 2048
ubi0: good PEBs: 1012, bad PEBs: 2, corrupted PEBs: 0
ubi0: user volume: 3, internal volumes: 1, max. volumes count: 128
ubi0: max/mean erase counter: 1/0, WL threshold: 4096, image sequence number: 1760891865
ubi0: available PEBs: 0, total reserved PEBs: 1012, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 18
Read 0 bytes from volume kernel to 800000
No size specified -> Using max size (3225600)
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 00800000 ...
Image Name: ARM OpenWrt Linux-6.6.110
Created: 2025-10-19 16:37:45 UTC
Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
Data Size: 3133564 Bytes = 3 MiB
Load Address: 00008000
Entry Point: 00008000
Verifying Checksum ... OK
Loading Kernel Image ... OK
Starting kernel ...
[ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
[ 0.000000] Linux version 6.6.110 (builder@buildhost) (arm-openwrt-linux-muslgnueabi-gcc (OpenWrt GCC 13.3.0 r28959-29397011cc) 13.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils) 2.42) #0 Sun Oct 19 16:37:45 2025
[ 0.000000] CPU: Feroceon 88FR131 [56251311] revision 1 (ARMv5TE), cr=0005397f
[ 0.000000] CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache
[ 0.000000] OF: fdt: Machine model: ZyXEL NSA325
[ 0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writeback
[ 0.000000] Zone ranges:
[ 0.000000] Normal [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000001fffffff]
[ 0.000000] Movable zone start for each node
[ 0.000000] Early memory node ranges
[ 0.000000] node 0: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000001fffffff]
[ 0.000000] Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000001fffffff]
[ 0.000000] Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200
[ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
[ 0.000000] Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 129920
[ 0.000000] mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
[ 0.000000] Memory: 508092K/524288K available (7224K kernel code, 594K rwdata, 1076K rodata, 1024K init, 235K bss, 16196K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
[ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=32, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=1, Nodes=1
[ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: 16, nr_irqs: 16, preallocated irqs: 16
[ 0.000000] clocksource: orion_clocksource: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 9556302233 ns
[ 0.000001] sched_clock: 32 bits at 200MHz, resolution 5ns, wraps every 10737418237ns
[ 0.000028] Switching to timer-based delay loop, resolution 5ns
[ 0.000138] Calibrating delay loop (skipped), value calculated using timer frequency.. 400.00 BogoMIPS (lpj=2000000)
[ 0.000158] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
[ 0.000243] pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
[ 0.007605] Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.007629] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.014650] RCU Tasks Trace: Setting shift to 0 and lim to 1 rcu_task_cb_adjust=1 rcu_task_cpu_ids=1.
[ 0.014856] Setting up static identity map for 0x100000 - 0x10003c
[ 0.015106] mvebu-soc-id: MVEBU SoC ID=0x6282, Rev=0x1
[ 0.020547] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
[ 0.020575] futex hash table entries: 256 (order: -1, 3072 bytes, linear)
[ 0.022482] pinctrl core: initialized pinctrl subsystem
[ 0.024878] NET: Registered PF_NETLINK/PF_ROUTE protocol family
[ 0.025227] DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
[ 0.026434] thermal_sys: Registered thermal governor 'step_wise'
[ 0.026476] cpuidle: using governor ladder
[ 0.026765] Feroceon L2: Enabling L2
[ 0.026790] Feroceon L2: Cache support initialised.
[ 0.031388] No ATAGs?
[ 0.036245] SCSI subsystem initialized
[ 0.036873] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
[ 0.036913] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
[ 0.036949] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
[ 0.038311] clocksource: Switched to clocksource orion_clocksource
[ 0.045873] NET: Registered PF_INET protocol family
[ 0.046045] IP idents hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
[ 0.047724] tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.047749] Table-perturb hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear)
[ 0.047762] TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
[ 0.047813] TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 3, 32768 bytes, linear)
[ 0.048381] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
[ 0.048810] MPTCP token hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 6144 bytes, linear)
[ 0.048974] UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.048996] UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
[ 0.049609] NET: Registered PF_UNIX/PF_LOCAL protocol family
[ 0.049644] PCI: CLS 0 bytes, default 32
[ 0.052413] workingset: timestamp_bits=14 max_order=17 bucket_order=3
[ 0.053565] squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
[ 0.053573] jffs2: version 2.2 (NAND) (SUMMARY) (LZMA) (RTIME) (CMODE_PRIORITY) (c) 2001-2006 Red Hat, Inc.
[ 0.058908] Block layer SCSI generic (bsg) driver version 0.4 loaded (major 251)
[ 0.060692] kirkwood-pinctrl f1010000.pin-controller: registered pinctrl driver
[ 0.061711] gpio gpiochip0: Static allocation of GPIO base is deprecated, use dynamic allocation.
[ 0.062197] gpio gpiochip1: Static allocation of GPIO base is deprecated, use dynamic allocation.
[ 0.062547] mvebu-pcie mbus@f1000000:pcie@82000000: host bridge /mbus@f1000000/pcie@82000000 ranges:
[ 0.062580] mvebu-pcie mbus@f1000000:pcie@82000000: MEM 0x00f1040000..0x00f1041fff -> 0x0000040000
[ 0.062602] mvebu-pcie mbus@f1000000:pcie@82000000: MEM 0xffffffffffffffff..0x00fffffffe -> 0x0100000000
[ 0.062615] mvebu-pcie mbus@f1000000:pcie@82000000: IO 0xffffffffffffffff..0x00fffffffe -> 0x0100000000
[ 0.062965] mvebu-pcie mbus@f1000000:pcie@82000000: PCI host bridge to bus 0000:00
[ 0.062977] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [bus 00-ff]
[ 0.062989] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0xf1040000-0xf1041fff] (bus address [0x00040000-0x00041fff])
[ 0.062998] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [mem 0xe0000000-0xefffffff]
[ 0.063005] pci_bus 0000:00: root bus resource [io 0x1000-0xeffff]
[ 0.063073] pci 0000:00:01.0: [11ab:6282] type 01 class 0x060400
[ 0.064151] PCI: bus0: Fast back to back transfers disabled
[ 0.064162] pci 0000:00:01.0: bridge configuration invalid ([bus 00-00]), reconfiguring
[ 0.064271] pci 0000:01:00.0: [1033:0194] type 00 class 0x0c0330
[ 0.064303] pci 0000:01:00.0: reg 0x10: [mem 0x00000000-0x00001fff 64bit]
[ 0.064425] pci 0000:01:00.0: PME# supported from D0 D3hot
[ 0.064458] pci 0000:01:00.0: 2.000 Gb/s available PCIe bandwidth, limited by 2.5 GT/s PCIe x1 link at 0000:00:01.0 (capable of 4.000 Gb/s with 5.0 GT/s PCIe x1 link)
[ 0.064622] PCI: bus1: Fast back to back transfers disabled
[ 0.064631] pci_bus 0000:01: busn_res: [bus 01-ff] end is updated to 01
[ 0.064659] pci 0000:00:01.0: BAR 8: assigned [mem 0xe0000000-0xe00fffff]
[ 0.064672] pci 0000:01:00.0: BAR 0: assigned [mem 0xe0000000-0xe0001fff 64bit]
[ 0.064691] pci 0000:00:01.0: PCI bridge to [bus 01]
[ 0.064702] pci 0000:00:01.0: bridge window [mem 0xe0000000-0xe00fffff]
[ 0.064749] pci 0000:00:01.0: enabling device (0140 -> 0142)
[ 0.064762] pci 0000:01:00.0: enabling device (0140 -> 0142)
[ 0.072323] Serial: 8250/16550 driver, 16 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
[ 0.074967] printk: console [ttyS0] disabled
[ 0.075238] f1012000.serial: ttyS0 at MMIO 0xf1012000 (irq = 26, base_baud = 12500000) is a 16550A
[ 0.075270] printk: console [ttyS0] enabled
[ 0.705920] nand: device found, Manufacturer ID: 0x92, Chip ID: 0xf1
[ 0.712338] nand: Eon NAND 128MiB 3,3V 8-bit
[ 0.716628] nand: 128 MiB, SLC, erase size: 128 KiB, page size: 2048, OOB size: 64
[ 0.724278] Scanning device for bad blocks
[ 0.733213] Bad eraseblock 100 at 0x000000c80000
[ 0.742613] Bad eraseblock 200 at 0x000001900000
[ 0.786442] 3 fixed-partitions partitions found on MTD device orion_nand
[ 0.793182] Creating 3 MTD partitions on "orion_nand":
[ 0.798353] 0x000000000000-0x0000000c0000 : "uboot"
[ 0.820112] 0x0000000c0000-0x000000140000 : "uboot_env"
[ 0.826499] 0x000000140000-0x000008000000 : "ubi"
[ 0.844230] mv643xx_eth: MV-643xx 10/100/1000 ethernet driver version 1.4
[ 0.854168] mv643xx_eth_port mv643xx_eth_port.0 eth0: port 0 with MAC address
AA:AA:AA:AA:AA:AA
[ 0.863163] i2c_dev: i2c /dev entries driver
[ 0.868848] orion_wdt: Initial timeout 21 sec
[ 0.883623] marvell-cesa f1030000.crypto: CESA device successfully registered
[ 0.892190] NET: Registered PF_INET6 protocol family
[ 0.899112] Segment Routing with IPv6
[ 0.902852] In-situ OAM (IOAM) with IPv6
[ 0.906897] NET: Registered PF_PACKET protocol family
[ 0.912016] bridge: filtering via arp/ip/ip6tables is no longer available by default. Update your scripts to load br_netfilter if you need this.
[ 0.925254] 8021q: 802.1Q VLAN Support v1.8
[ 0.963571] UBI: auto-attach mtd2
[ 0.966925] ubi0: attaching mtd2
[ 1.139791] ubi0: scanning is finished
[ 1.155235] ubi0: attached mtd2 (name "ubi", size 126 MiB)
[ 1.160791] ubi0: PEB size: 131072 bytes (128 KiB), LEB size: 129024 bytes
[ 1.167696] ubi0: min./max. I/O unit sizes: 2048/2048, sub-page size 512
[ 1.174436] ubi0: VID header offset: 512 (aligned 512), data offset: 2048
[ 1.181262] ubi0: good PEBs: 1012, bad PEBs: 2, corrupted PEBs: 0
[ 1.187377] ubi0: user volume: 3, internal volumes: 1, max. volumes count: 128
[ 1.194639] ubi0: max/mean erase counter: 1/0, WL threshold: 4096, image sequence number: 1760891865
[ 1.203821] ubi0: available PEBs: 0, total reserved PEBs: 1012, PEBs reserved for bad PEB handling: 18
[ 1.213425] ubi0: background thread "ubi_bgt0d" started, PID 369
[ 1.219872] block ubiblock0_1: created from ubi0:1(rootfs)
[ 1.225390] ubiblock: device ubiblock0_1 (rootfs) set to be root filesystem
[ 1.232560] clk: Disabling unused clocks
[ 1.240025] unable to read id index table
[ 1.244130] List of all partitions:
[ 1.247640] 1f00 768 mtdblock0
[ 1.247647] (driver?)
[ 1.254237] 1f01 512 mtdblock1
[ 1.254243] (driver?)
[ 1.260812] 1f02 129792 mtdblock2
[ 1.260818] (driver?)
[ 1.267376] fe00 2898 ubiblock0_1
[ 1.267382] (driver?)
[ 1.274125] No filesystem could mount root, tried:
[ 1.274128] squashfs
[ 1.279032]
[ 1.282802] Kernel panic - not syncing: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on unknown-block(254,0)
[ 1.291279] Rebooting in 1 seconds..
And a faboulous KERNEL PANIC error appair!!!
I tried getting help from Google's AI, but I couldn't solve the problem.
Does anyone know how I can fix this?
Thanks everyone in advance!!!
. 25.12.5 is latest current release for nsa325