I found this information about packet length size to prioritize non-bulk unmarked traffic like games, VoIP, etc. and added it to my config and wanted to share it with you.
Clarification
If you have a bad or unstable connection even using CAKE (because your ISP is bad), you will still have a bad connection even if you use DSCP marking.
The DSCP marking doesn't help you FIX the bufferbloat, it's CAKE that fixes that problem and the DSCP marking only helps you use the categories in CAKE to prioritize one traffic over another and ensure a certain amount of bandwidth for that traffic.
To confirm that the DSCP marking doesn't help you FIX the bufferbloat, you have to add a 0 in the options "bandwidth_up" and "bandwidth_down" (like this 0mbit) to not limit the bandwidth on CAKE (but you can use the DSCP marking of Qosify) and then do this test:
Qosify configuration
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I use the options "dscp_default_tcp" and "dscp_default_udp" to wash all DSCP marks from my ISP on my ingress traffic and make that class the default for the unmarked traffic.
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unmarked_traffic class:
- Unmarked traffic with packet length size greater than 1256 bytes is classified as CS1 like torrents and other unknown services that most likely don't care and that are generally not time sensitive.
- Unmarked traffic with packet length size less than 1256 bytes is prioritized to CS4 like gaming, VoIP, etc.
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Unmarked traffic with more than 250 packets per second is deprioritized to CS1 for 10 seconds and if that traffic does not decrease the pps, it will remain in CS1 until pps decreases.
(Recommendation: On your BitTorrent client (qBittorrent) only use the TCP protocol, because with the μTP (UDP) protocol the size of the packets varies between 590 bytes and 1444 bytes)
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browsing class:
- Traffic from ports 80 and 443 with packet length size greater than 575 bytes is classified as CS0 like browsing, games lobby, live streaming with port 443 (Facebook Live), etc.
- Traffic from ports 80 and 443 with packet length size less than 575 bytes is prioritized to AF41 like light browsing (text/live chat/code?) and VoIP (these are the fallback ports for VoIP).
- Traffic from ports 80 and 443 with more than 1000 packets per second is deprioritized to CS1 for 10 seconds and if that traffic does not decrease the pps, it will remain in CS1 until pps decreases.
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bulk class:
- Hostnames or domains used for downloads to CS1 like Microsoft, MEGA, Dropbox, Google, Steam and Epic Games.
- BitTorrent and Usenet ports to CS1.
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besteffort class:
- ICMP (Ping) to CS0.
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Hostnames or domains used to watch video streaming to CS0 like YouTube, Facebook, Twitch, TikTok, Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, Disney Plus and HBO.
(These hostnames ensure that the streaming services don't end in CS1).
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network_services class:
- SSH, NTP and DNS ports to CS2.
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broadcast_video class:
- Live Streaming ports to CS3 like YouTube Live, Twitch, Vimeo and LinkedIn Live.
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gaming class:
- Known game ports and game consoles ports to CS4 like Xbox, PlayStation, Call of Duty, FIFA, Minecraft and Supercell Games.
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multimedia_conferencing class:
- Known video conferencing ports and hostnames to AF4x like Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Skype, GoToMeeting, Webex Meeting, Jitsi Meet, Google Meet, FaceTime and TeamViewer.
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telephony class:
- Known VoIP and VoWiFi ports to EF.
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I only use those DSCP values to prioritize the traffic in these CAKE categories:
- Bulk: CS1
- Best Effort: CSO
- Video: CS2, CS3 and AF4x
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Voice: CS4 and EF
(The traffic in the last category in CAKE always has higher priority than the others)
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I add "wash" parameter in "egress_options" to wash outgoing custom DSCP marking for this reason:
- "wash" only clears all DSCP marks after the traffic has been tinned. - Don't wash incoming (ingress) DSCP marks, because also wash the custom DSCP marking from Qosify and Qosify already washes the ISP marks with the options "dscp_default_tcp" and "dscp_default_udp". - Wash outgoing (egress) DSCP marking to ISP, because may be mis-marked from ISP perspective. # Recommendation: Don't use "wash" on ingress so that the "Wi-Fi Multimedia (WMM) QoS" can make use of the custom DSCP marking and just use "wash" on egress. -
Information about keywords to write in "overhead_type" option:
/etc/config/qosify
config defaults
list defaults /etc/qosify/*.conf
option dscp_icmp +besteffort
option dscp_default_tcp unmarked_traffic
option dscp_default_udp unmarked_traffic
config class unmarked_traffic
option ingress CS1
option egress CS1
option prio_max_avg_pkt_len 1256
option dscp_prio CS4
option bulk_trigger_pps 250
option bulk_trigger_timeout 10
option dscp_bulk CS1
config class browsing
option ingress CS0
option egress CS0
option prio_max_avg_pkt_len 575
option dscp_prio AF41
option bulk_trigger_pps 1000
option bulk_trigger_timeout 10
option dscp_bulk CS1
config class bulk
option ingress CS1
option egress CS1
config class besteffort
option ingress CS0
option egress CS0
config class network_services
option ingress CS2
option egress CS2
config class broadcast_video
option ingress CS3
option egress CS3
config class gaming
option ingress CS4
option egress CS4
config class multimedia_conferencing
option ingress AF42
option egress AF42
option prio_max_avg_pkt_len 575
option dscp_prio AF41
config class telephony
option ingress EF
option egress EF
config interface wan
option name wan
option disabled 0
option bandwidth_up 50mbit
option bandwidth_down 320mbit
option overhead_type docsis
# defaults:
option ingress 1
option egress 1
option mode diffserv4
option nat 1
option host_isolate 1
option autorate_ingress 0
option ingress_options ""
option egress_options "wash"
option options "ether-vlan"
config device wandev
option disabled 1
option name wan
option bandwidth 100mbit
/etc/qosify/00-defaults.conf
# SSH
tcp:22 network_services
# NTP
udp:123 network_services
# DNS
tcp:53 network_services
tcp:5353 network_services
udp:53 network_services
udp:5353 network_services
# DNS over TLS (DoT)
tcp:853 multimedia_conferencing
udp:853 multimedia_conferencing
# HTTP/HTTPS/QUIC
tcp:80 browsing
tcp:443 browsing
udp:80 browsing
udp:443 browsing
# Microsoft (Download)
dns:*1drv* bulk
dns:*backblaze* bulk
dns:*backblazeb2* bulk
dns:*ms-acdc.office* bulk
dns:*onedrive* bulk
dns:*sharepoint* bulk
dns:*update.microsoft* bulk
dns:*windowsupdate* bulk
# MEGA (Download)
dns:*mega* bulk
# Dropbox (Download)
dns:*dropboxusercontent* bulk
# Google (Download)
dns:*drive.google* bulk
dns:*googleusercontent* bulk
# Steam (Download)
dns:*steamcontent* bulk
# Epic Games (Download)
dns:*download.epicgames* bulk
dns:*download2.epicgames* bulk
dns:*download3.epicgames* bulk
dns:*download4.epicgames* bulk
dns:*epicgames-download1* bulk
# YouTube
dns:*googlevideo* besteffort
# Facebook
dns:*fbcdn* besteffort
# Twitch
dns:*ttvnw* besteffort
# TikTok
dns:*tiktok* besteffort
# Netflix
dns:*nflxvideo* besteffort
# Amazon Prime Video
dns:*aiv-cdn* besteffort
dns:*aiv-delivery* besteffort
dns:*pv-cdn* besteffort
# Disney Plus
dns:*disney* besteffort
dns:*dssott* besteffort
# HBO
dns:*hbo* besteffort
dns:*hbomaxcdn* besteffort
# BitTorrent
tcp:6881-7000 bulk
tcp:51413 bulk
udp:6771 bulk
udp:6881-7000 bulk
udp:51413 bulk
# Usenet
tcp:119 bulk
tcp:563 bulk
# Live Streaming to YouTube Live, Twitch, Vimeo and LinkedIn Live
tcp:1935-1936 broadcast_video
tcp:2396 broadcast_video
tcp:2935 broadcast_video
# Xbox
tcp:3074 gaming
udp:88 gaming
#udp:500 gaming # UDP port already used in "VoWiFi" rules
udp:3074 gaming
udp:3544 gaming
#udp:4500 gaming # UDP port already used in "VoWiFi" rules
# PlayStation
tcp:3478-3480 gaming
#udp:3478-3479 gaming # UDP ports already used in "Zoom" rules
# Call of Duty
#tcp:3074 gaming # TCP port already used in "Xbox" rules
tcp:3075-3076 gaming
#udp:3074 gaming # UDP port already used in "Xbox" rules
udp:3075-3079 gaming
udp:3658 gaming
# FIFA
tcp:3659 gaming
udp:3659 gaming
# Minecraft
tcp:25565 gaming
udp:19132-19133 gaming
udp:25565 gaming
# Supercell Games
tcp:9339 gaming
udp:9339 gaming
# Zoom, Microsoft Teams, Skype and FaceTime (they use these same ports)
udp:3478-3497 multimedia_conferencing
# Zoom
dns:*zoom* multimedia_conferencing
tcp:8801-8802 multimedia_conferencing
udp:8801-8810 multimedia_conferencing
# Skype
dns:*skype* multimedia_conferencing
# FaceTime
udp:16384-16387 multimedia_conferencing
udp:16393-16402 multimedia_conferencing
# GoToMeeting
udp:1853 multimedia_conferencing
udp:8200 multimedia_conferencing
# Webex Meeting
tcp:5004 multimedia_conferencing
udp:9000 multimedia_conferencing
# Jitsi Meet
tcp:5349 multimedia_conferencing
udp:10000 multimedia_conferencing
# Google Meet
udp:19302-19309 multimedia_conferencing
# TeamViewer
tcp:5938 multimedia_conferencing
udp:5938 multimedia_conferencing
# Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)
tcp:5060-5061 telephony
udp:5060-5061 telephony
# Voice over WiFi or WiFi Calling (VoWiFi)
udp:500 telephony
udp:4500 telephony