Please verify that the Fritz DHCP server is indeed disabled.
Not in the current configuration. The OpenWrt device appear to be purely a dumb AP.
A dumb AP is just an access point. It does not do any routing (L3). This is the case in your situation (at least from all appearances) as your Fritz is doing the actual routing... since it looks like this device only has a lan-lan connection to the fritz (not using the OpenWrt WAN). This is just acting as an DHCP server and AP. Even if it is a WDS upstream device, it's still 'just' an access point insofar as it is not routing. WDS is simply a method of wirelessly connecting two or more APs wirelessly on the same L2 network.
You normally need to set the DHCP server such that option 3 advertises the correct gateway for your network. This appears to be the fritz at 192.168.178.1. Option 6 (DNS) can be used to point to the proper DNS server (which is also 192.168.178.1 per your lan config), but in this case it's probably not super critical insofar as OpenWrt is simply going to run its own DNS server and will send queries to the next specified upstream DNS (the fritz).
One way you can do this is to disable the OpenWrt DHCP server on the lan interface, and then force a device to renew its DHCP lease. If it fails to do so, that means that OpenWrt's DHCP is indeed the only one that was running. At that point, re-enable it.
(there are several other similar threads).