In theory if you tick the Force install check box, it should be possible to install 23.05.x sysupgrade.bin from LuCI. It's not something I've tried from 17.01.6.
If in doubt, install sysupgrade.bin in stages using LuCI. Upgrading/downgrading between two major releases has never been an issue for me on HH5a.
17.01 to 19.07.10
19.07.10 to 22.03.6
22.03.6 to 23.05.2
Refer to 270 page HH5a installation guide regarding differences.
https://openwrt.org/toh/bt/homehub_v5a#downloads
You won't be able to restore saved settings to later versions of OpenWrt as they are incompatible btw.
There have been some reported bugs (mainly VLAN related) in 23.05 and 22.03, but they may or may not affect you.
Do NOT keep settings and use Force install each time.
Correction: Use 22.03.4 or higher when installing 22.03.x