I’ve downloaded and installed v22.03.2 for the TL-MR6400v5 4G router. Unfortunately support for the 4G/ LTE modem is not included in the firmware image, and there’s not enough free space to install the ModemManager package (even without the LuCI interface).
compile a very minimal image yourself and leave everything that's not strictly necessary out
mount an NFS-share from another server to your device and manually unpack all the required packages there, then adjust PATH-variables and everything else accordingly
Remove the flash and replace it with a bigger one, then modify the DTS-file accordingly and compile a custom image (you'll also need to copy all the existing data from the old flash to the new)
Figure out how to add a USB-port to the device, modify the DTS-file, compile a custom image and then solder the USB-port solder
The first option is the most practical one, the rest will basically require quite a bit more work and skill.
Assume I’d need to determine the modem deviceId to configure a simpler stack, but haven’t worked out how to do that yet. There’s no space to install just the uqmi package.
The penny has just dropped for me that Image Builder is simpler than trying to get started with the whole set of developer tools.