These show clearly why wifi is problematic, but this is orthogonal to your reported wired latency spikes, so I would leave these alone for now.
In this case your two hosts are basically connected by a switch and lo and behold the overall RTT and the lack of (much) variability supports that as well.
This is not terrible, but you already see more variability than with the switch test just above, if you let this run longer will you also see those RTTs > 20ms.
Finally could you try to look at your VDSL-modem's error counters as well, maybe increases in those correlate with the observed spikes?
Going out on a limb here, but the router might introduce RF noise if connected to the modem that causes transient repeated VDLS hick-ups; admittedly not very likely...
That would not rule out noise issues, EM noise can and does travel along cables... (anything below 17MHz can disturb VDSL2 (pre AnnexQ, which shifts that threshold to 35MHz)). But this is not very likely anyway...
A long while ago according to this. I never reboot it and the pings are very stable (and 1ms lower) when I connect my computer (PPPoE client) to a bridged modem,
This has the flavor of some kind of kernel interrupt process occasionally hogging the CPU, perhaps writing to flash or a USB disk or a bug in a wifi driver or .... So that the network interrupts aren't being serviced.
I do have an USB flash drive attached to store system logs. I installed the packages below on top of the default LEDE image and have some of them (Adblock, nlbwmon) use the flash drive as their storage. I will reset everything to default later today and try with that.
It seems @dlakelan has good intuition (as so often), but this is going to be tricky to figure out. Are you using a stable 17.01.4 build or are you using a recent snapshot? If you are using stable it might be time to test with a recent snapshot to avoid chasing an old an potentially fixed issue....