Devices on the same VLAN will communicate with each other at layer 2 (switching), so the router (which runs at layer 3 - routing/firewall) is not involved. This means it is a host level issue (unless you misconfigured some of your ports with respect to the vlan membership).
Check the windows firewall... in some cases, it will treat a new network as untrusted and not allow any inbound connections. Turn the windows firewall off entirely as a test -- if that fixes the issue, you know where to look. If not, we can dig deeper.
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Thanks! 