As OP I can report that the latest snapshot in fact did improve 802.11ax performance in this case (AX6S with a brick wall between the wifi device and the access point).

So it does prove that in fact there was an issue in the m76 drivers.

However, while 802.11ax download performance is better than 802.11ac, upload performance is still slower in 802.11ax (snapshot) when compared with 802.11.ac (22.03.3) - but at least now not as bad as it was before, to the point that 802.11ax is now usable.

I just tested with an iPhone 13P and a MacBook Air M1 at the "problematic spot". Below are the iperf3 results (more details about the test configuration in the OP):

802.11ac Mac M1: 685/626 Mbps (download/upload) - 22.03.3
802.11ax Mac M1: 806/567 Mbps (download/upload) - Snapshot r21989-5155200f97

802.11ac iPhone 13 Pro: 550/473 Mbps (download/upload) - 22.03.3
802.11ax iPhone 13 Pro: 565/442 Mbps (download/upload) - Snapshot r21989-5155200f97

I do hope 802.11ax performance with mt76 open source drives keep improving, hopefully reaching at least the same performance as 802.11ac in all situations as expected.

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