The router signal is low, and it has been detected that the power amplifier circuit has a 12V voltage reduction and a 5V power supply component is damaged. There are components of the same model on the PCB, but it has a 12V voltage reduction and a 3.3V voltage reduction. The voltage has been measured, but the specific model is unknown
Not sure, but if you're getting clean 5.0 and 3.3 readings, that doesn't sound like damage to me, but different spec regulators. I'd guess it would take a very specific change to make a 5.0V out drop to 3.3V. If a hardware issue likely another component in the series? Especially considering the lack of visible damage.
Without comparing to a BOM list or a separate working board, I think you're shooting in the dark.
I don't know much about this, so I can only show you the data I measured, but in your opinion, this may be quite inaccurate. In particular, I use other languages to translate into English, which reduces the accuracy of the information transmitted even more. Maybe I should provide more information about it?
Attach a picture of the text on the surface of the electronic component:it look like (04=H0E)