Using a pretty typical and default setup with openwrt and an openwrt access point.
The openwrt WAN port is connected to the ISP modem and firewall zoned under WAN.
How and why would it be possible for my ISP to see the openwrt devices behind my router?
My ISP seemed to be able to see or know that there were (at least) 2 devices behind my router. I am wondering if and how this would be possible? Could I be missing a configuration option?
Does your ISP provide IPv6? Is it enabled and operational in your setup?
With IPv4 only and default setup only the router's mac is visible.
Unless you rebooted the router and while booting the LAN and WAN ports were passing packets without control.
Or they just look into your browsing data and find out the browser agent and therefore the operating system. Not sure about the legality of that, though.
No, I do not think they can detect the router manufacturer or operating system, just the fact that there is an intermediate router, even if you use NAT.
Perhaps you could tell us what did your ISP told you.
@trendy's explanation is plausible. There is also the possibility to see what kind of device you have if a device uses SLAAC in its ipv6 addresses (because the MAC address is included) This is why privacy addresses are common now.
But most likely it's trendy's explanation. The solution is to do the cable modem dance:
turn off router
turn off cable modem
turn on router, wait 1 minute until router is fully operational
turn on cable modem
this also works for DSL or other ISP devices. The idea is that you want the router to go through its full bootup process without the modem able to hear anything... this ensures the switch chip is fully configured before the modem gets turned on. After that, in terms of MAC addresses, there's just your router as far as they are concerned. The other mechanisms are still possible though.
Or when you need to turn off or restart your router, instead of turning the modem off you can just disconnect the router off the modem until the router is fully operational.