My motivation is to understand how redirect works. Also, cases 1 and 2 would give me a convenient way to check whether DDNS is working (I don't need port 80 access to the router).
Either LuCI or config instructions would do. Thanks.
You seem to be referring to HTTP redirection; you need to configure a HTTP server, listening on port 80 of the WAN interface, and configure the server to do the redirection to Google's URL.