FWIW, I had an issue with a resize performed manually via the [HOWTO] Resizing root partition on x86 (March 2023 edition) (see [HOWTO] Resizing root partition on x86 (March 2023 edition) - #50 by rkboni), but once I fixed the partition UUIDs I was able to upgrade and the disk was auto-resized without any problems via https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-user/advanced/expand_root.
Just to confirm, I ran fsck.ext4 -n /dev/sda2 and got a clean bill of health.
Is your partition setup correct, without anything overlapping? Could your drive be going south? Do you have memory issues? (just thinking of common causes of FS corruption). At least it doesn't seem like a generic issue.