You can fall back to allowing the buildsystem to compile its own llvm/ clang stack.
There is no clang-12 in Debian anymore, stable has clang-11 (too old), testing/ unstable have clang-13 and up.
$ rmadison clang
clang | 1:3.5-25 | oldoldoldstable | amd64, armel, armhf, i386
clang | 1:3.8-36 | oldoldstable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x
clang | 1:7.0-47 | oldstable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x
clang | 1:11.0-51+nmu5 | stable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x
clang | 1:14.0-55.3 | testing | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x
clang | 1:14.0-55.4 | unstable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x
clang | 1:15.0-56~exp1 | experimental | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x
$ rmadison clang-12
$
$ rmadison clang-13
clang-13 | 1:13.0.1-6~deb10u4 | oldstable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x
clang-13 | 1:13.0.1-6~deb11u1 | stable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x
clang-13 | 1:13.0.1-11 | testing | mips64el, mipsel
clang-13 | 1:13.0.1-11 | unstable | mips64el, mipsel
clang-13 | 1:13.0.1-11+b1 | testing | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, ppc64el, s390x
clang-13 | 1:13.0.1-11+b1 | unstable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, ppc64el, s390x
$ rmadison clang-14
clang-14 | 1:14.0.6-10+b1 | testing | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x
clang-14 | 1:14.0.6-10+b1 | unstable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, mips64el, mipsel, ppc64el, s390x
$ rmadison clang-15
clang-15 | 1:15~++20220309105819+8bef17ed59aa-1~exp1 | experimental | mips64el, mipsel
clang-15 | 1:15.0.6-4 | testing | mips64el, mipsel
clang-15 | 1:15.0.6-4 | unstable | mips64el, mipsel
clang-15 | 1:15.0.6-4+b1 | testing | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, ppc64el, s390x
clang-15 | 1:15.0.6-4+b1 | unstable | amd64, arm64, armel, armhf, i386, ppc64el, s390x
clang-15 | 1:15.0.6-5~exp3 | buildd-experimental | amd64, arm64, armhf, i386
clang-15 | 1:15.0.6-5~exp3 | experimental | amd64, arm64, armhf, i386
$ rmadison clang-16
clang-16 | 1:16~++20220928062542+48b8dee773f3-1~exp1 | experimental | armel
clang-16 | 1:16~++20221111053703+a77a02aa5794-1~exp1 | experimental | amd64, arm64, ppc64el, s390x
The current default version of clang (in unstable) would be clang-14:
$ clang --version
Debian clang version 14.0.6
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin