No, I don't have ebtables installed or the kmod-br-netfilter module at all.
This is what I see from the tcpdump output as soon as the phone (it's android, I am aware it doesn't have DHCPv6 but I have a client for it I've been testing with which works fine on br-lan. And it also doesn't get an IP via SLAAC so I don't believe it's the problem) connects:
Output:
12:35:29.398004 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.546 > ff02::1:2.547: dhcp6 solicit
12:35:30.524574 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.546 > ff02::1:2.547: dhcp6 solicit
12:35:57.331410 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 > ff02::16: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener report v2, 5 group record(s), length 108
12:35:57.331542 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 > ip6-allrouters: ICMP6, router solicitation, length 16
12:35:57.376162 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 > ff02::16: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener report v2, 1 group record(s), length 28
12:35:57.426496 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 > ff02::16: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener report v2, 5 group record(s), length 108
12:35:57.560261 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.5353 > ff02::fb.5353: 0 [1n] ANY (QM)? Android.local. (59)
12:35:57.825155 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.5353 > ff02::fb.5353: 0*- [0q] 2/0/2 (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) AAAA fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 (177)
12:35:58.373400 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 > ff02::16: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener report v2, 1 group record(s), length 28
12:35:58.578057 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 > ff02::16: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener report v2, 1 group record(s), length 28
12:35:58.788861 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 > ff02::16: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener report v2, 1 group record(s), length 28
12:35:59.096025 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.5353 > ff02::fb.5353: 0 [2q] [2n] ANY (QU)? Android.local. ANY (QU)? Android.local. (81)
12:35:59.312397 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.5353 > ff02::fb.5353: 0 [2q] [2n] ANY (QM)? Android.local. ANY (QM)? Android.local. (81)
12:35:59.592053 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.5353 > ff02::fb.5353: 0 [2q] [2n] ANY (QM)? Android.local. ANY (QM)? Android.local. (81)
12:35:59.891761 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.5353 > ff02::fb.5353: 0*- [0q] 4/0/3 (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) A 10.10.10.189, (Cache flush) AAAA fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 (246)
12:36:00.895065 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.5353 > ff02::fb.5353: 0*- [0q] 4/0/3 (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) A 10.10.10.189, (Cache flush) AAAA fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 (246)
12:36:01.626975 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 > ip6-allrouters: ICMP6, router solicitation, length 16
12:36:02.882217 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.5353 > ff02::fb.5353: 0*- [0q] 4/0/3 (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) A 10.10.10.189, (Cache flush) AAAA fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 (246)
12:36:03.745280 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 > ff02::16: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener report v2, 1 group record(s), length 28
12:36:03.766476 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 > ff02::16: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener report v2, 1 group record(s), length 28
12:36:04.056121 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 > ff02::16: HBH ICMP6, multicast listener report v2, 1 group record(s), length 28
12:36:04.257300 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.5353 > ff02::fb.5353: 0 [2q] [2n] ANY (QU)? Android.local. ANY (QU)? Android.local. (81)
12:36:04.506868 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.5353 > ff02::fb.5353: 0 [2q] [2n] ANY (QM)? Android.local. ANY (QM)? Android.local. (81)
12:36:04.758174 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.5353 > ff02::fb.5353: 0 [2q] [2n] ANY (QM)? Android.local. ANY (QM)? Android.local. (81)
12:36:05.011752 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.5353 > ff02::fb.5353: 0*- [0q] 4/0/3 (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) A 10.10.10.189, (Cache flush) AAAA fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 (246)
12:36:06.024599 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.5353 > ff02::fb.5353: 0*- [0q] 4/0/3 (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) A 10.10.10.189, (Cache flush) AAAA fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 (246)
12:36:08.024645 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.5353 > ff02::fb.5353: 0*- [0q] 4/0/3 (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) A 10.10.10.189, (Cache flush) AAAA fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 (246)
12:36:10.678232 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 > ip6-allrouters: ICMP6, router solicitation, length 16
12:36:12.098312 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.5353 > ff02::fb.5353: 0*- [0q] 4/0/3 (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) A 10.10.10.189, (Cache flush) AAAA fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 (246)
12:36:20.037991 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.5353 > ff02::fb.5353: 0*- [0q] 4/0/3 (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) A 10.10.10.189, (Cache flush) AAAA fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 (246)
12:36:28.598609 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 > ip6-allrouters: ICMP6, router solicitation, length 16
12:36:36.061939 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.5353 > ff02::fb.5353: 0*- [0q] 4/0/3 (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) A 10.10.10.189, (Cache flush) AAAA fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 (246)
12:36:45.527359 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.546 > ff02::1:2.547: dhcp6 solicit
12:36:46.630387 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.546 > ff02::1:2.547: dhcp6 solicit
12:36:48.786540 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.546 > ff02::1:2.547: dhcp6 solicit
12:37:03.800295 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 > ip6-allrouters: ICMP6, router solicitation, length 16
12:37:08.053242 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.5353 > ff02::fb.5353: 0*- [0q] 4/0/3 (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) A 10.10.10.189, (Cache flush) AAAA fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 (246)
12:38:20.931404 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4.5353 > ff02::fb.5353: 0*- [0q] 4/0/3 (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) PTR Android.local., (Cache flush) A 10.10.10.189, (Cache flush) AAAA fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 (246)
12:38:28.405621 IP6 fe80::9a09:cfff:fe5a:5da4 > ip6-allrouters: ICMP6, router solicitation, length 16