I have an Edgerouter ER-X type router running OpenWRT (23.0.5.3). I would like to get the PoE in functionality working on it. I would like to ask for help with this.
You need 24v passive poe for this to work. You can buy a basic 24v poe injector from ubiquiti (and there may be other vendors, too).
The device does not work with 802.11af/at/bt poe, and a passive 48v poe adapter will fry your device.
EDIT: I should add that Ubiquiti does have an adapter that will convert 802.3af to 24V passive PoE. This might be useful if you already have PoE infrastructure you wish to use. I also added a link to the 24V PoE adapter referenced above.
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The adapter is generically known as a PoE splitter. You can also find them with a coaxial power plug which fits the power socket on the back of the ER-X. The ER-X can run on 12 volts or 24 volts supplied either to eth0 passively, or to the power socket on the back.
Unlike IEEE PoE, Passive PoE supplies power unconditionally without probing the device at the other end of the cable to confirm that it is designed to accept PoE. Hardware damage is likely to occur from plugging a standard non-PoE or IEEE PoE device into a passive PoE source. This is an issue on port 4 of the ER-X if you enable PoE out.
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The adapters I referenced above are direct 24V passive PoE devices, and are not splitters. However, as you note, a splitter is another option to consider (it just wouldn't (necessarily) work with the PoE in port (eth0).
Thank you for adding this! I should have mentioned it earlier since it is a very important consideration.