In this forum this usually means only 1/12th of the whole story and that we are supposed to know what else you did do just the seconds before it stoped working.
And you are so good at this that you build your own firmware and you don’t even show us the dropbear config file?
I got something similar in the log a couple of weeks ago. But after a nights sleep I realized when looking at the problem again i had screwed up a dropbear config setting line.
<*> luci
[*] Minify Lua sources
turning off USB in USB Support
< > Enable IPv6 support in packages
< > kmod-nf-ipt6
< > libip6tc
< > Export mac80211 internals in DebugFS
[*] Remove ipkg/opkg status data files in final images
[*] Strip unnecessary exports from the kernel image
[*] Strip unnecessary functions from libraries
Please show the output of running that diffconfig script, not the script contents...
It should show you a brief summary of config changes that you have made.
Based on the above, my first guess is that if you have changed the stripping options and not much else, then those stripping options might be the culprit.
But please show the diffconfig output to see more closely...
CONFIG_TARGET_ath79=y
CONFIG_TARGET_ath79_generic=y
CONFIG_TARGET_ath79_generic_DEVICE_tplink_tl-wdr3600-v1=y
# CONFIG_BUSYBOX_DEFAULT_FEATURE_IPV6 is not set
CONFIG_CLEAN_IPKG=y
# CONFIG_IPV6 is not set
# CONFIG_KERNEL_IPV6 is not set
CONFIG_LUCI_SRCDIET=y
# CONFIG_PACKAGE_ATH_DFS is not set
# CONFIG_PACKAGE_MAC80211_DEBUGFS is not set
# CONFIG_PACKAGE_MAC80211_MESH is not set
CONFIG_PACKAGE_cgi-io=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_dnscrypt-proxy2=y
# CONFIG_PACKAGE_kmod-nf-ipt6 is not set
# CONFIG_PACKAGE_kmod-usb-core is not set
# CONFIG_PACKAGE_kmod-usb-ledtrig-usbport is not set
# CONFIG_PACKAGE_kmod-usb2 is not set
# CONFIG_PACKAGE_libip6tc is not set
CONFIG_PACKAGE_libiwinfo-lua=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_liblua=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_liblucihttp=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_liblucihttp-lua=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_libubus-lua=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_lua=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_luci=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_luci-app-firewall=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_luci-app-opkg=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_luci-base=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_luci-lib-base=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_luci-lib-ip=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_luci-lib-jsonc=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_luci-lib-nixio=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_luci-mod-admin-full=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_luci-mod-network=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_luci-mod-status=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_luci-mod-system=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_luci-proto-ppp=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_luci-theme-bootstrap=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_rpcd=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_rpcd-mod-file=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_rpcd-mod-iwinfo=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_rpcd-mod-luci=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_rpcd-mod-rrdns=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_uhttpd=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_uhttpd-mod-ubus=y
CONFIG_STRIP_KERNEL_EXPORTS=y
CONFIG_USE_MKLIBS=y
CONFIG_PACKAGE_kmod-nls-base=y