For test I have also insert an USB -> RJ45 adapter. funfact:
If I put the dongle in an "normal" Device the Adapter starts blinking. When I put this in the CubieTruck there are no LEDs blinking and the doongle "beeps" very high (like you know this from very cheap power supplies).
On "lsusb" I can see the Device as "Bus 002 Device 004: ID 0b95:7720 ASIX Electronics Corp. AX88772"
I've did some tests with die wireless-USB-dongle.
If I put them in the Board and do a "lsusb" I don't see any new device. So I think that the dongle has either got damaged (maybe some time ago), or there is a complete incompatibility with th board.
So I decided to buy an new one. Do you have any recommendations for one? - And if I put an working dongle into the Cubietruck, will the "Wireless" point in the menu become visible?
Make sure the core kernel USB drivers (kmod-usb2 etc) are installed. Some routers require setting a GPIO pin to power up the USB port. This can be checked by plugging in something like a phone that charges from USB and see if it gets power.
You should see "new USB device" added to the the kernel log when any USB device is plugged in.
I´ve bought an new USB Wireless dongle. Now I can see them on lsusb as "Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0b05:17ba ASUSTek Computer, Inc. N10 Nano 802.11n Network Adapter [Realtek RTL8192CU]"
Bu there is still no "wireless" on the Network Tab
I think you also need rtl8192cu-firmware to bring the card up.
Check the kernel log for wifi-related messages. Running iw list should show driver capabilities, if you get a null result the wifi driver is not running.
If /etc/config/wireless does not exist, the firstboot scripts will do similar probing of the driver and build a skeleton /etc/config/wireless file. It starts out with no interfaces running but you can enable them with the GUI. You won't actually get a wlan device for ifconfig until there is an /etc/config/wireless file built and you enable at least one interface in it.