I had a brief power outage today and lost both of my RT3200's which had 23.05.0 ubi setups that had been working great since October.
I get the exact same serial console output as you and no power led activity. And eventually found this thread after searching for answers.
I did not change any cpu speed settings so don't know what they were.
I have been reading about the jtag uboot flash procedure and noticed that the openocd master branch has changed the raspberry pi config files versus what you posted. It looks like they now try to calculate the speed coefficients and also recommend using a different GPIO pin for the tms signal due to pull-up versus pull-down resistor on the rpi.
Maybe you could try the updated approach and different pin for tms. Since your reset didn't work, I wonder if the rpi setup isn't quite right. Although I have no actual experience (yet).
references:
https://sourceforge.net/p/openocd/code/ci/master/tree/tcl/interface/raspberrypi-native.cfg
https://sourceforge.net/p/openocd/code/ci/master/tree/tcl/interface/raspberrypi-gpio-connector.cfg
Hope it helps.