Further findings with modem:
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it is now definitive that the modem by default goes into CFUN=4 ("fligh mode"). And mikrotik ROS moves the modem out from this state during bringup.
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By default the modem is in RNDIS state. In order to get proper IP the RNDIS interface needs to be set up as a DHCP client interface and extra AT commands needeD:
AT+ZGDCONT=5,"IP","internet",0
AT+ZGPCOAUTH=5,"","",0
AT+CFUN=1
AT+ZGACT=1,5
After this a restart of the RNDIS DHCP client will pass the IP issued by the mobile operator directly to the RNDIS interface:
Issuing a reset (AT+RESET) to the modem will move the RNDIS interface back to its internal IP state:
This is a pile of shite of course, as normally we don't want to deal with this, the modem should just boot to a default working state. But at least we know this is the situation presented by MikroTik.
MOD: searching for this issue I found that someone already find and fixed this issue for a different modem device with a similar Marvell chipset: