I dug a bit more, and found the likely cause of this issue: starting from FW v3, downgrades are disallowed. Since OpenWrt carries version number "0.0.0", the firmware considers this a downgrade and refuses the file.
[NM_Error](nm_fwup_verifyFwupFile) 02278: EAP235/230-Wall forbid fw reverted from 3.x.x to lower version!
As a quick fix, you could patch the "soft-version" partition of a TP-Link image into an OpenWrt factory image.
- Download my safeloader patching script
- Download a v3 (or later, must be different from the current firmware version) firmware, and the OpenWrt factory image (e.g. for 21.02-rc4)
- Run the patch script (change file names accordingly):
python patch.py -f OPENWRT_FACTORY.bin -i EAP235-WALLv1_3.0.0.bin -p soft-version -o FACTORY_PATCHED.bin - Flash the patched factory image
Please let me know the results, then I can come up with a proper solution for OpenWrt.
Edit: People building their own firmware can also test patches