Your link to the patch isn't working. That said, yes, of course it is possible to adapt the patch for newer OpenWrt. How much adapting you need to do, however, is dependent on the patch.
to 901-arm-boot-add-dts-files.patch, I get the error
Applying /home/gleb/Projects/router_firmware/IPQ4019/openwrt/target/linux/ipq40xx/patches-4.14/901-arm-boot-add-dts-files.patch using plaintext:
patching file arch/arm/boot/dts/Makefile
patch: **** malformed patch at line 45: qcom-msm8660-surf.dtb \
,so instead of using this i add the lines to /openwrt/build_dir/target-arm_cortex-a7+neon-vfpv4_musl_eabi/linux-ipq40xx_generic/linux-5.10.120/arch/arm/boot/dts/Makefile manually.