What channel do you have set on the 5g radio and what country code?
Please copy the output of the following commands and post it here using the "Preformatted text </> " button:
Remember to redact passwords, MAC addresses and any public IP addresses you may have:
I would suggest to rm /etc/config/wireless and run wifi config, reboot to start with a new default (wireless-) config again. Start out simple (country-code=DE, WPA2PSK/CCMP, PSK2 without fancy control characters). The reason I'm mentioning this, is because I seem to remember that radio0 might be the 5 GHz radio (and radio1 2.4 GHz), but I don't have my tl-wdr4300 online (or even unpacked) right now to check.
@slh@psherman what I discovered is that the network, the 5GHz, shows up on an iPad, but not on any of Apple's macbook pros. This is rather interesting. I did not try connecting to it, but will do and report back. I think the 'showing' up is interesting, as is.
Which generation? Pretty much anything modern should have no issue, but we can start with verifying that the versions you're talking about are indeed 802.11n (5G) or 802.11ac enabled.